History of Pre-fab Housing

I'm cheap and I've long been fascinated withshingles, flooring and paint) to build a home. There
technological changes that help make things morewere 447 different styles and they cost between
affordable, like Mr. Ford's famous Flivver (the Model$650 and $2500 ($14,000 to $53,000 in today's
T) or the "peoples car" (a Volkswagen). So a shortdollars). Good thing it came with instructions, because
National Public Radio piece on the new exhibit at theit weighed 25 tons and had 30,000 parts.
New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) caughtIn addition to this historical perspective, the MoMA
my attention.exhibit includes 5 full size homes demonstrating how
On a vacant lot adjacent to the Museum, there is annew materials and applications can create diverse
exhibition called Home Delivery: Fabricating thestyles and structures. There is a micro-compact
Modern Dwelling. Organized by Barry Bergdoll, thehome of just 76 square feet, a 5 story townhouse
museum's chief curator of architecture and design,wrapped in cellophane, a "shotgun house" intended
and curatorial assistant Peter Christensen, the showfor disaster relief areas, one built from 570 square
explores the story of the prefabricated house.foot components that let the home grow as the
The idea, of course, is that centralized assembly-lineowner's family grows and a computer designed
construction is an efficient way to build things but ithouse built of plywood and steel that lets the
took technological innovations, like Thomas Edison'sarchitect and owner choose their design
single-pour concrete system or Wachsmann andsimultaneously. Personally, I'm most intrigued by the
Gropius' General Panel System, to make it feasible."Digitally Fabricated Housing for New Orleans"
The history of prefabricated buildings goes back abecause it is made with plywood panels, precut joints
long way. Unsure of whether the new land ofand notches and can be built using only a rubber
Australia would have enough materials for his son tomallet.
build a home, H. Manning designed his "PortableIn 2003, Dwell magazine sponsored a prefab
Colonial Cottage for Emigrants" in 1830 with easilyinvitational to build an affordable home. The winner,
shippable flat panels. And it cost £15. TheResolution: 4 Architecture, won with a budget of
components were precut so they could be stored in$200,000 but their project eventually ran $50,000
the ship's hull and dozens were sold to Australiansmore, forcing a smaller footprint to stay within
during the following years. The housing shortage inbudget. The current cost of a prefab home is $175
Chicago inspired Augustine Taylor to design "balloonto $250 a square foot, which is not keeping them
frame" houses of 2x4s and 2x6s with sheathing overcheap, since standard building buildings can run $100
the frame which replaced the mortised beam fittingsto $130 a square foot (a lot depends on what you
then popular and, as you know, that's how most ofput inside). Rocio Romero from Perryville, MO, sells a
our houses are built today. Drywall was aflat-packed cube-like house kit for between $23,650
technological innovation to eliminate the cost of latheand $45,255. Most of us have seen the log-cabin kits
and plaster.when we've navigated up and down I-5.
The Ford Motor Company demonstrated howFor more information on the MoMA exhibit, you can
assembly-line manufacturing could produce ago to and for more information on prefabs in general,
"ready-made home" in 1919 but the most successfulI suggest
of these were the mail-order kit homes sold byA home for everyone may yet be a dream, but
Sears, Roebuck and Company. Between 1908 andimagination, innovation and technology are making it
1940, Sears shipped more than 70,000 mail ordermore possible.
homes which included all the materials (including